The dogs that are used in breeding shall have as open nostrils as possible. The nose truffle shall have well-open nostrils.Ĭomment: Pinched nostrils have been shown to be an external indicator of BOAS in one study (Liu et al. The nose of a Retro Pug will not get much longer than that (and most have a bit shorter noses). The Retro Pug below has a nose length that is 31% of the length of the skull. The breeders of Old German Pugs and Retro Pugs have shown that it is possible to breed dogs that still look like Pugs, with a good nose length, that at the same time have no breathing problems. (Read more about BOAS here.)Īs we see it, a dog with a muzzle that is longer than about 35% of the skull length from the stop to the occipital protuberance begins to look less and less like a Pug. A short nose also leads to inferior or basically no cooling of the body during heat because the folded mucous membrane of the muzzle which manages the cooling does not have enough space in a short-nosed dog ( Bodegård and Hedhammar, 3). This risk is halved when the nose reaches 20% of the length of the skull, and at 50% of the length of the skull, the risk disappears in principle altogether (Packer et al. If extant it shall be minimal and preferably split.Ĭomment: Research has shown that the risk of BOAS (brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome) at a nose length of 3% of the length of the skull is 95%. The nose shall be 20–35% of the length of the skull, seen from the stop to the occipital protuberance. (Read more about BOAS, eyes and dentition, as well as whelping in the breeding strategy.) Excessive wrinkles can host fungi and bacteria and shall therefore be avoided. Furthermore, too large a head of the puppies leads to whelping difficulties for the bitch. The forehead may have wrinkles, but they shall not be too heavy, and wrinkles are not necessary.Ĭomment: The reason for the need of a less brachycephalic skull is that it correlates with breathing problems as well problems with the eyes and the dentition. It shall not be too large, nor too wide, with too flat rear head and nose, i.e. The head shall be proportionate to the body. A piebald pug with cropped ears, painting from 1780.This Pug ideal means that the appearance of the Pug approaches the “normal dog” somewhat from the perspective that “Excessive deviations from the normal dog’s exterior may mean that the breed has health concerns” (Lindholm et al. The focus of our work is on the Pug’s health and its ability to be a dog fully, with the senses, the anatomy and in activity. We want to work to ensure that the Pug breed can maintain its lovely, pugish mentality and have an exterior that more closely resembles the Pug as it looked like in the 18th and 19th centuries. What do we want the Pug to look like and why? We welcome all Pug breeders to take this new path to give back health to the Pug. We work in line with the latter and hope to contribute to the spreading of those ways of breeding the Pug. Later, German breeders also saw the necessity to crossbreed in order to have a genetically and anatomically healthy Pug. The Germans commonly call Pugs with this conformation “altdeutsche Möpse” (“Old German Pugs”). This work has been started above all by German breeders who already 20 years ago began to develop breeding clubs with modified standards of the Pug. In order to do that we need a modified breed standard that takes scientific research and knowledge about canine anatomy as a point of departure. This breed standard has been developed to encourage Pug breeders to work towards a Pug that resembles the “normal dog” more and is less brachycephalic.
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